Review by Lucretia Jones
January 2021

This book is an in-depth historical study of questionable medical experimentation and ethics during the transatlantic enslavement of Africans. The author examines the years of 1760 to the mid-1800s and details the relationships between enslaved Africans, Amerindians, and European colonialists and medical practitioners. The increasing popularity of science is discussed amidst the overt and subtle backdrop of a treacherous period in human history with effects that stretch into our present day. 
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I appreciate the compilation of journal entries and medical papers written by physicians of the time. I especially enjoyed the quotations gleaned from direct contact with enslaved Africans. I found myself amused when presented with colonial doctors’ awe and simultaneous befuddlement at the efficacy of various cures employed by Amerindians and enslaved Africans. One such cure being a remedy for tetanus made by an enslaved healer on the former Governor of Cayenne’s plantation, a combination of plants kept hidden and therefore untested through scientific method. There is another instance of an “Indian woman” whose remedy for snakebites was “always” successful, her cure also undocumented. 

While understandable and necessary in the retelling of such atrocities, I found the author’s matter of fact tone a bit chilling and disconcerting. Be advised, this book is focused more on an academic look at a period in our collective history rather than moral commentary. I admit a personal bias; I like my plant books with pictures and drawings of plants. You won’t find that here. Instead, a few maps detailing the routes of human trafficking and barriers to shared information await you. The title is a clever misnomer. We aren’t being let in on any secrets here; rather we are witnesses to the chagrin and racialism of colonial doctors. 

Overall, while not what I expected, or perhaps naively hoped for, I will most likely find myself returning to this book for historical reference. If you’re looking for a compendium of folk remedies, I advise you to look elsewhere for insight from those more intimately involved with enslaved Africans and their descendants. Those wielding violent power over another group of human beings close themselves off from knowledge of the very cures implied in the title of this book. The story telling in Secret Cures is extensive enough that it allows us to assemble a narrative and successfully frame our sense of the era. If any conclusions are to be drawn by Ms. Schiebinger’s book, one might be the necessity of and complexity inherent in cross cultural oral tradition.

HERBAL ANTIVIRALS: Natural remedies of Emerging and Resistant Viral Infections
By Stephen Harrod Buhner

Reviewed by Barbara Volk 

This book is a fabulous reference and because it is so beautifully written, it is a pleasure to read as well. In the first section, Stephen describes the mechanisms of viruses and how they function in the body. Next he goes into specific individual and virus groups with in-depth treatment protocols for each. Chapter 5 is the Materia Medica which begins with: 

“There has been very little work in the popular press (especially in the west) on herbal antivirals - and most of what has occurred is embarrassingly poor. There are a number of reasons for this. 

The field of antivirals itself, whether medical or herbal, is in relative infancy.........The general over emphasis on bacteria as disease causing agents.......also contributes to the problem. Then there is the nature of viruses themselves and the difficulty of actually creating effective pharmaceutical antivirals.” 

Each plant is described with its traditional uses, plant chemistry, scientific studies and a list of the specific viruses that the plant is effective in treating. 

The epilog begins with “Once your life is saved by a plant, things are never the same again.” Here Stephen describes the different processes used to make the medicines and includes a source list of supplies. 

This is a must have book, not only for the professional herbalist but for anyone who is interested in using plant medicine in their own lives.